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View privileges: SELECT, DELETE, INSERT, and UPDATE GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON emp_view TO PUBLIC; Sequence privileges: ALTER and SELECT GRANT SELECT ON oe.customers_seq TO hr; Procedure, function, and package privileges: EXECUTE and DEBUG GRANT EXECUTE ON employee_pkg TO hr; Materialized view privileges: SELECT and QUERY REWRITE GRANT QUERY REWRITE TO hr Directory privileges: READ and WRITE GRANT READ ON DIRECTORY bfile_dir TO hr If you grant a user an object privilege with an additional GRANT OPTION clause, the user can in turn grant that privilege to other users in the database. Here s an example: SQL> GRANT DELETE ON bonuses TO hr WITH GRANT OPTION; Once you grant the user hr the DELETE privilege on the bonuses table in the preceding manner, hr can turn around and grant that privilege to any other users. The owner of any object has all rights on the object and can grant privileges on that object to any other user in the database. The schema owner has the right to grant these privileges not the DBA or the SYSTEM or SYS users. You can grant an object privilege to a user, provided one of the following is true: You are the owner of the object. The object s owner gave you the object privileges with the GRANT OPTION. You have been granted the GRANT ANY OBJECT system privilege.

Note You can t grant object privileges on some schema objects, such as clusters, indexes, triggers, and database links. You control the use of these types of objects with a system privilege instead. For example, to alter a cluster, a user must own the cluster or have the ALTER ANY CLUSTER system privilege.

this.messageQueueVehiclesToAssemble.ReceiveCompleted += new System.Messaging.ReceiveCompletedEventHandler(this.OrderReceived); // // messageQueueVehiclesToInvoice // this.messageQueueVehiclesToInvoice.Path = "FormatName:DIRECT=OS:alessandra\\private$\\asapvehiclestoinvoice"; } public void SubmitForInvoicing(WorkOrder theWorkOrder) { messageQueueVehiclesToInvoice.Send(theWorkOrder); } private void OrderReceived(object sender, System.Messaging.ReceiveCompletedEventArgs e) { System.Messaging.XmlMessageFormatter formatter = new System.Messaging.XmlMessageFormatter(new Type[] {typeof(WorkOrder) } ); System.Messaging.Message msg = messageQueueVehiclesToAssemble.EndReceive(e.AsyncResult); msg.Formatter = formatter; WorkOrder workOrder = msg.Body as WorkOrder; // start waiting for the next message messageQueueVehiclesToAssemble.BeginReceive(); FireMessage(workOrder); } public delegate void MessageHandler(WorkOrder theWorkOrder); public event MessageHandler OnMessage; void FireMessage(WorkOrder theWorkOrder) { if (OnMessage != null) OnMessage(theWorkOrder); } }

An object owner can add the additional ALL clause to a GRANT statement in order to grant all possible privileges on an object. For example, both the following GRANT statements are equivalent: SQL> GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE on EMPLOYEES TO oe; SQL> GRANT ALL ON EMPLOYEES TO oe; The schema owner can grant one type or all types of privileges at once on any given object. Here are some examples that illustrate the granting of object privileges: SQL> GRANT SELECT ON ods_process TO tester; Grant succeeded. SQL> GRANT INSERT ON ods_process TO tester; Grant succeeded. SQL> GRANT ALL ON ods_servers TO tester; Grant succeeded. SQL> GRANT INSERT ANY TABLE TO tester; grant insert any table to tester * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01031: insufficient privileges SQL> The ODS user is able to grant all privileges (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE) on the ods_servers table to the tester user by using the GRANT ALL command. But ODS fails to successfully grant the INSERT ANY TABLE privilege to tester, because this requires a system privilege (INSERT ANY TABLE) that ODS does not have. Note, however, that the system user can successfully make this grant, as shown here: SQL> CONNECT system/manager@finance1 Connected. SQL> SHOW USER USER is "SYSTEM" SQL> GRANT INSERT ANY TABLE TO tester; Grant succeeded. SQL> If the owner of an object grants an object privilege to a user with the WITH GRANT clause, the grantee of the privilege is given the right to grant that same object privilege to other users. Here s an example: SQL> GRANT INSERT ANY TABLE TO tester WITH GRANT OPTION

In the previous discussion, object privileges always implied a right to perform a DML action on an entire table. However, a user can also be granted privileges on only certain columns of a table, as shown in the following examples:

Public Class FormMain Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form ' manages connections to incoming and outgoing message queues Private _router As Router Public Sub New() MyBase.New()

Revoking object privileges is analogous to granting privileges. You simply issue the REVOKE statement for each object privilege you want to revoke: SQL> CONNECT ods/ods@finance1; Connected. SQL> REVOKE SELECT, INSERT ON ods_process FROM tester; Revoke succeeded. SQL> Note that you can t revoke privileges at a column level, even though the privilege may have been granted at that level. You ll have to use the table level for the revocation of a privilege, regardless of the level at which it was granted, as you can see in the following example: SQL> REVOKE UPDATE (hostname) ON ods_process FROM tester; revoke update(hostname) on ods_process from tester * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01750: UPDATE/REFERENCES may only be revoked from the whole table, not by column SQL> REVOKE UPDATE ON ods_process FROM tester; Revoke succeeded. SQL>

A user with the GRANT ANY OBJECT system privilege can grant and revoke any object privilege as if he or she were the actual object owner. When you connect as SYSDBA (user SYS), you are automatically granted this role with the WITH ADMIN OPTION clause.