rdlc data matrix

rdlc data matrix

rdlc data matrix

rdlc data matrix

rdlc data matrix

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PUBLIC is a default role for every user created in the database. Make sure you don t grant any unnecessary roles or privileges to PUBLIC, because every user will automatically inherit those roles and privileges, including default users such as DBSNMP and OUTLN. The following query shows that PUBLIC has over 12,000 object-level privileges: SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM dba_tab_privs 2 WHERE grantee='PUBLIC'; COUNT(*) -------12814 SQL> Of the more than 12,000 object privileges that have been granted to PUBLIC, over 100 are privileges to execute DBMS packages, such as DBMS_JOB, DBMS_METADATA, DBMS_SNAPSHOT, DBMS_DDL, DBMS_SPACE, and DBMS_OBFUSCATION_TOOLKIT. Revoke all important execution privileges from PUBLIC. Grant important privileges to users through the judicious use of roles. The SYSDBA privilege gives a user very powerful privileges, including the ability to drop database objects and alter data dictionary tables. It goes without saying that you must hand out the SYSDBA privilege very sparingly.

There are other ways to transform LLC into UTC. One interesting alternative is to use virtual methods in C to return the value of the literals. Doing so gives derived classes the opportunity to change the literal values by overriding the base class virtual methods.

If you re the only Oracle DBA in your organization, you must have all the system privileges to manage the database. However, if you have a group of Oracle DBAs managing a large number of databases, it s smart not to give everyone the same type of privileges (such as SYSDBA) and the same type of roles (such as DBA). You should create your own specialized roles, with each role containing a specific set of privileges for performing certain database tasks. Thus, a DBA in charge of helping the developers create new objects won t be able to perform certain recovery-related tasks, and vice versa. You can then assign these roles to the DBAs, ensuring that there is a clear demarcation of job duties.

Users that are granted the ANY system privilege can drop data dictionary tables. To protect your data dictionary, you must set the 07_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY configuration parameter to FALSE in your parameter file. This will limit the ANY privilege to only those users who log in with the SYSDBA privilege.

Set the proper file permissions at the operating system level, as there often can be a security loophole at this level. The default permissions on a newly created file in most UNIX systems are rw-rw-rw. This means that any users who gain admission to the UNIX server can read or copy all files, including your database files. You should set the UMASK variable to 022, so only the Oracle username can read from and write to database files. Ensure that you remove the SETUID on all Oracle files immediately. Some of the SETUID files may allow the execution of scripts as the root user in UNIX systems. The UTL_FILE package enables writing to operating system files from within an Oracle PL/SQL program. When you use the UTL_FILE_DIR initialization parameter, never use the * value for the parameter, which means that the package could output files to any directory in the operating system s file system. Restrict the directories to some well-known locations that are exclusively set apart from the UTL_FILE output files.

Just as literal logic coupling can be converted into type coupling, so can algorithmic logic coupling. The ALC transforms have many similarities with the LLC counterparts discussed in the previous two sections.

Remove the PL/SQL EXTPROC functionality unless it is needed. First remove mentions to EXTPROC in both the listener.ora file on the server and the tnsnames.ora file on the client. You then can remove all EXTPROC executables from your $ORACLE_HOME/bin directory. There is usually a pair of executables called extproc and extproc0. The EXTPROC facility gives hackers a way to break into the operating system without any authentication. If you do need to use the EXTPROC functionality, refer to Note 175429.1 on Oracle s MetaLink site (http://metalink.oracle.com). Make sure you don t allow ordinary users access to your export and import control files, because your passwords may appear in those files.

Note Peter Finnegan s Oracle security web site (http://www.petefinnigan.com) provides several interesting and useful Oracle security-related articles and scripts, including discussion about the detection of SQL injection and numerous other Oracle security issues. The comprehensive Oracle Database Checklist that s available on Finnegan s web site is used to audit Oracle database installations and pretty much covers all Oracle database security issues.

The network and the listener service are vulnerable points of Oracle security there are many ways you can inadvertently leave avenues open for attacks on your database. Let s first look at how you can strengthen the listener service.